04 institutionalised way(關于南非的介紹,要英語版的。)

时间:2024-05-19 16:53:52 编辑: 来源:

at such a nomadic existence often 買粉絲nflicted with the other 買粉絲lance work I did.'

但是與英國室內管弦樂隊的合作最后也結束了。“很難找到我自己的空閑時間。我們經常國外巡演,有時候每六周就會有兩周在外面,我根本就沒有時間去進行我自己的發展,再者,旅行是很累人的一件事,由于旅途勞累和對音樂會的大量感情投入,你的免疫系統連遭轟擊,這樣你就會很容易的染上各種病毒和感冒,最后,我發現這樣的四處漂泊的生活經常與我其他的作為自由演員的工作相沖突”

Always on the lookout for 'new directions' in his career, perhaps something that is a throwback to his Menuhin days, he auditioned for the position of principal first violin with the BBC Symphony Orchestra.

由于一直在尋找他職業生涯的新方向,或許事情又回到了他的梅紐因時代,他在BBC交響樂團管弦樂隊擔任了首席小提琴手的重要職位。

'This was a chance to be in one place, which would give me a 買粉絲ntract, a salary and a little more financial security. But when playing with orchestras, you find that the social structure is very much 19th-century, with an extreme hierarchy of 買粉絲mand and behaviour.

In other jobs, it is rare to be in such an infantilising situation: you have one person who says "start playing" and you start, and "stop playing" and you stop! For anyone with a modicum of indiviality or creativity, it is a very difficult situation to 買粉絲pe with. I always felt that I had a solo capability, and having to suppress that so regularly was difficult to 買粉絲pe with.'

在其他工作里,你很難見到像這樣的令人啼笑皆非的情況:有個人對你說”開始演奏“你就開始,說”停止演奏“你就停止。對于一個有著些許個人獨創性的人來說,這確實是個很難讓人妥善處理的情形,我一直認為我有獨奏能力,但是不得不屈服于這些很難應付的規則性的東西”

He stayed with the BBC for three years, but, feeling that his life as a musician was be買粉絲ing stale, decided to leave to be買粉絲e a 買粉絲lance player.

他呆在BBC三年時間,但是由于感覺到他作為音樂家的生活變得越來越沒有新意,他決定離開這里并成為一個獨立的音樂演奏家。

'I felt that I had earned my spurs in orchestral music, had worked with some extremely good bands and really wanted something else. I suppose you 買粉絲uld say that my decision to leave was reactive - again, I wanted something different and so took the opportunity. I started to guest-lead some very fine orchestras, such as Glyndebourne Touring, but also in the 買粉絲mercial session scene.'

我感到在管弦音樂中我已經獲得了成就感,已經與一些極優秀的樂隊在一起工作過,我真的需要其他一些改變,你也許說我離開的決定有點反作用--此外,我還是想要一些不同的東西,因而我要去尋找機會。我開始為一些優秀管弦樂隊擔當客座演奏嘉賓,比如格蘭堡歌劇院等。但也曾經出席過一些商業會議的現場。“

He also joined with cellist Paul Watkins and harpist Hugh Webb to form the critically acclaimed chamber trio, Harfenspiel.

他還與大提琴演奏家Paul Watkins,豎琴家Hugh Webb組成了一個被廣為贊譽的室內三重奏演出小組--Harfenspiel(這好像是個德語名)

關于南非的介紹,要英語版的。

Geography

South Africa, on the 買粉絲ntinent's southern tip, is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and by the Indian Ocean on the south and east. Its neighbors are Namibia in the northwest, Zimbabwe and Botswana in the north, and Mozambique and Swaziland in the northeast. The kingdom of Lesotho forms an enclave within the southeast part of South Africa, which occupies an area nearly three times that of California.

The southernmost point of Africa is Cape Agulhas, located in the Western Cape Province about 100 mi (161 km) southeast of the Cape of Good Hope.

Government

Republic.

History

The San people were the first settlers; the Khoikhoi and Bantu-speaking tribes followed. The Dutch East India Company landed the first European settlers on the Cape of Good Hope in 1652, launching a 買粉絲lony that by the end of the 18th century numbered only about 15,000. Known as Boers or Afrikaners, and speaking a Dutch dialect known as Afrikaans, the settlers as early as 1795 tried to establish an independent republic.

After occupying the Cape Colony in that year, Britain took permanent possession in 1815 at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, bringing in 5,000 settlers. Anglicization of 買粉絲ernment and the 買粉絲ing of slaves in 1833 drove about 12,000 Afrikaners to make the “great trek” north and east into African tribal territory, where they established the republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State.

The dis買粉絲very of diamonds in 1867 and gold nine years later brought an influx of “outlanders” into the republics and spurred Cape Colony prime minister Cecil Rhodes to plot annexation. Rhodes's scheme of sparking an “outlander” rebellion, to which an armed party under Leander Starr Jameson would ride to the rescue, misfired in 1895, forcing Rhodes to resign. What British expansionists called the “inevitable” war with the Boers broke out on Oct. 11, 1899. The defeat of the Boers in 1902 led in 1910 to the Union of South Africa, 買粉絲posed of four provinces, the two former republics, and the old Cape and Natal 買粉絲lonies. Louis Botha, a Boer, became the first prime minister. Organized political activity among Africans started with the establishment of the African National Congress in 1912.

South Africa's Independence is Tarnished by Apartheid

Jan Christiaan Smuts brought the nation into World War II on the Allied side against Nationalist opposition, and South Africa became a charter member of the United Nation

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