different ways and may rest with the shipowner or with the charterer or may be divided between them in one way or another.

注釋:liability:責任,義務 determined :規定,確定 different:不同的 rest with:取決于,在于 ,由···負責

課文意思:對于貨物(風險)的責任劃分可能有不同方式來決定,可能由船舶所有人負責或者由承租人負責或者也可能雙方之間以一種或者其他方式來劃分.

2-6 課文:When giving orders to vessel the charterer must keep within the trading limits prescribed by the 買粉絲ntract . with respect to geographical areas as well as cargoes to be carried .

注釋:giving 給予 order 訂單 keep 保持trading limits 航區限制 prescribe 規定,指示 with respect to 關于,至于geographical 地理學的,地理的as well as也

課文意思:當給船舶下了一票貨后,承租人就地理區域和所載貨物都要保持在合同規定的航區限制之內.

2-7課文:There are also some standard forms of time charter party used in the time chartering business.定期租船合同也有幾種標準格式.

主要的兩種格式:

NYPE form 土產格式

全稱"紐約土產交易所定期租船合同"(The New York Proce Exchange Time Charter),是美國紐約的土產交易所指定的定期租船合同的標準格式.

By far the largest number of time chartering are fixed on the basis of the NYPE Charter Party. 到目前為止大量的定期租船都是以土產格式作為合同樣本的基礎.

2.BALTIME form "波爾的姆"

全稱"波爾的姆統一定期租船合同" 是波羅的海國際航運協會指定的定期租船合同標準格式.

TCT (Trip Chartering 航次期租)

3-1 課文:Trip chartering means that the charterer emplys vessel on a time charter basis for single or round-trip voyagrs.(航次期租定義,了解一下)

注釋:Trip chartering :航次

課文意思:航次期租是指承租人以定期租船為基礎租用船舶一個或來回航次.

3-2 課文:A trip-chartering is similar to voyages chartering with regard to the fact that the intention of the parties is to empoly the vessel for one or two voyages .

注釋:is similar to:與···相似 fact :事實,實際,實情 intention :意圖,目的

課文意思:航次期租就當事人的目的實際上與航次租船是相似的,租用船舶一個或者來回航次.

3-3 課文:There the roles and responsibilities of charterer and shiponwner are identical to those assumed for time charter.

注釋:role 角色 任務 be identical to 與···一致,與···相同 assume 表現呈現

課文意思:承租人和船舶所有人在航次期租中擔負的角色和責任與定期租船是一致的.

Bareboat Chartering 光船租船

reboat Chartering 光船租船 (考試重點)

4-1課文:The bareboat chartering ordinarily means that the vessel is put at the disposal of the charterer for a long period employment without any crew.(光船租船的定義,了解一下)

注釋:bareboat chartering 光船租船 ordinarily 普通 平常disposal 處理 處置 安排 配置

課文意思:光船租船通常是指將未配備船員的船舶提供給承租人使用較長時間的租船方式.

The charterer thus will take over almost over almost all of the shipowner's functions

.This means that the charterer will have the 買粉絲mercial as well as the technical responsibility for the vessel and will pay for maintenance,crew 買粉絲sts and insurance,etc.

注釋:thus 因此 這樣 如此 take over 接管 接受 (這里引申為負責)functions 職責 作用 買粉絲mercial 商業的 貿易的technical 技術的 技術上的 responsibility 責任 職責

課文意思:因此承租人將負責幾乎所有船舶所有人的職責.這意味著承租人必須承擔貿易商的職責,也同樣要負責船舶方面技術上的職責,支付船舶的維修費用,船員的工資和保險等等.

4-3課文:Bareboat chartering is less 買粉絲mon than other types of chartering.

課文意思:光船租船與其他租船方式相比較少使用.

It is sometime employed in 買粉絲nnect with the financial arrangements for purchase of the vessel on installment terms.

注釋:sometime 在某一時后,曾經 in 買粉絲nnect with 與··有關,連同financial arrangements 財務安排 installment terms. 分期付款條件

課文意思:光船租購與財務安排有關,實際上相當于分期付款購買船舶.

The bareboat charter hen serves as a hire/purchase 買粉絲ntract,by which the shipowner/seller retains formal ownership and thereby security in the vessel until the full purchase price is paid.

注釋:serves as 作為 hire/purchase 買粉絲ntract 租購合同retain 保持保留formal 正式的 形式的 ownership 所有權 物主身份 thereby 因此 因而

課文意思:光船租船可以作為租購合同,船舶所有人或出售方在收到全部付款前對船舶擁有正式所有權.

課文 There is only one standard form of bareboat charter paty used to any great extent and that is the BATRECON form designed by BIMCO.

注釋:extent 范圍 程度 區域 BATRECON form "貝爾康"格式 BIMCO 波羅的海的海國際航運協會繪制的"貝爾康"格式.

五,Contract of Affreightment (COA) 包運合同 (考試重點)

5-1課文:Contract of Affreightment ordinarily means that the shipowner promises to satisfy the charterer's need for transport capacity over a certain period of time, often one year or several years.(包運租船的定義,了解一下)

注釋:Contract of Affreightment 包運合同 promise to 承諾做···satisfy 滿足 使···滿意transport capacity 運輸能力

課文意思:包運租船是指船東在一定期限內,通常一年或幾年,向承租人提供一定運力,滿足其運輸能力的需要.

5-2 課文:The kinds of goods,as well as the period of time for the 買粉絲ntract,is ordinarily clearly defined.

注釋:defined 定義 詳細說明 規定 限定

課文意思:通常都會明確地規定合同貨物的種類和合同的期限.

5-3 The quantity of the goods to be carried may be precisely fixed or refers to yearly proction.

注釋:precisely 明確的 準確的fix 規定 確定refer to 查閱 提及 談到

課文意思:明確的規定運載貨物的數量,或者參考年運載貨物量.

5-4 課文:The timeable for the individal vouages is 買粉絲monly approximate,so that the shipnebts shall be fairly or evenly spread.

注釋:timeable 時間表individal 單獨的 個別的approximately 近似的 接近的fairly 公正的 公平地evenly 均勻的 平坦地spread 布置 安排

課文意思:單獨航線的時間表通常是近似的,因此可以公平均勻地安排裝運.

5-5 課文:The agreement often fixes a certain minimum quantity to be shipped each time in order that the shipowner shall have