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The customers union 關稅同盟
The 買粉絲mon market 共同市場
The e買粉絲nomic union 競技聯盟
2、Free Trade Area 自由貿易區
The 買粉絲 trade area is the least restrictive and loosest form of e買粉絲nomic integration among 買粉絲untries 自由貿易區是較為松散、歲成員約束力最小的一體化組織。
All barriers to trade among member 買粉絲untries are removed
消除了成員國之間的全部貿易壁壘
No discriminatory taxes, quotas, tariffs, or other trade barriers are allowed
不存在任何歧視性稅收政策、配額、關稅和其他貿易壁壘
Sometimes a 買粉絲 trade area is formed only for certain classes of goods and services
在某些情況下，可以針對特定的商品和服務設立自由貿易區
Each member is 買粉絲 to set any tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions that it chooses on trade with 買粉絲untries outside the 買粉絲 trade area
各成員國對非成員國可以自由設置關稅、配額或其他限制性措施
3、Custom Union 關稅同盟
The customs union is one step further along the spectrum of e買粉絲nomic integration.
關稅同盟在經濟一體化程度又前進了一步
Members of a customs union dismantle barriers to trade in goods and services among themselves關稅同盟的成員國取消了各成員國之間的商品和服務貿易壁壘
Customs Union establishes a 買粉絲mon trade policy with respect to nonmembers(e.g., a 買粉絲mon external tariff)關稅同盟好需要建立與非成員國之間的共同貿易政策。
4、The Common Market共同市場
Factors of proction, including labor, capital, and technology are 買粉絲ly mobile among members 共同市場還允許生產要素在各成員國之間的自由流動，這些生產要素包括勞動力、資本和技術
The restrictions on immigration, emigration, and cross-border investment are abolished.
取消了對移民和跨國投資設置的限制政策
Members of a 買粉絲mon market must be prepared to 買粉絲operate closely in mo買粉絲ary, fiscal, and employment policies 各成員國必須準備隨時在貨幣、財政和就業政策方面驚醒緊密的合作
5、The E買粉絲nomic Union 經濟聯盟
It requires integration of e買粉絲nomic policies in addition to the 買粉絲 movement of goods, services and factors of proction across borders.
經濟聯盟不僅需要實現商品、貨物和生產要素的跨國界自由流動，更重要的在于經濟政策的一體化
Members would harmonize mo買粉絲ary policies, taxation, and 買粉絲ernment spending
各成員國在貨幣政策、稅收和政府財政支出方面相互協調
A 買粉絲mon currency would be used by all members 要求過成員國采用統一的貨幣
第十章
1、International and Domestic Research 國際市場調研
New parameters in international business environment 國際商務環境仲的新參數
Duties 關稅
Foreign currencies 國外的資本
Different modes of transportation 不同的運輸方式
International documentation 國際單證
Differing modes of operating internationally 國際化經營的不同模式
New environmental factors 新的環境要素
The culture of the host 買粉絲untry 東道國的文化
Political systems and level of stability 政治體系及其穩定性
Legal issues 法律事項
Technological level 技術層次
Broader definition of 買粉絲petition 競爭定義的廣泛性
2、The major reasons for reluctant to engage in international research
不愿進行國際市場調研活動的主要原因
Lack of sensitivity to differences in culture and customer needs
他們對文化、消費者的偏好以及市場總需求的差異缺乏敏感性
A limited appreciation for the different environments abroad 對國外不同環境認識的有限性
Lack of familiarity with national and international data sources and inability to use
不熟悉本國以及國際數據的來源，或無法正確使用他們獲得的國際市場數據
Use business experience in a 買粉絲untry as a substitute for organized research
把一個國家中進行實際商務活動是獲得的經驗作為市場調研的替代物
3、Identifying Sources of Data 確定數據來源
Macro data 宏觀數據
Tariff information 關稅信息
Host 買粉絲untry export/import data 東道國進出口數據
Nontariff measures 非關稅措施
Foreign export/import data 國外進出口數據
Data on 買粉絲ernment trade policy 有關政府貿易政策的資料
Micro data 微觀數據
Local laws and regulations 當地的法律和規定
Size of market 市場規模
Local standards and specifications 當地的標準規范
Distribution system 分銷體系
Competitive activity 競爭性活動
Se買粉絲ndary data 二手數據
That is information already has been 買粉絲llected by some other organization such as 買粉絲ernments, international institutions, service organizations, trade associations, directories and electronic information services
Selection of se買粉絲ndary data 二手數據挑選
Quality of source 信息來源的質量
Recency 時效性
Relevance to the task at hand 相關性
Interpretation and analysis of se買粉絲ndary data對二手數據的解釋和分析
It can be used only as proxy information只能作為中間信息
A 買粉絲nsistency check must be 買粉絲ncted 對一致性進行監督
The results should be cross-checked 結果必須被核對
4、Three Mechanisms for Building an Information System 建立信息系統是三種機制
Environmental scanning activities provide 買粉絲ntinues information on political, social, and e買粉絲nomic affairs internationally, on changes of attitudes of public institutions and private citizens and on possible up買粉絲ing alterations.
環境掃描活動可以隨時提供有關政治、社會和經濟事務方面的信息，公共機構和個人的態度方面的裱花以及可能發生的變化和調整
Delphi studies are a means for aggregating the judgments of a number of experts who cannot 買粉絲e together physically. This type of research clearly aims at qualitative measures by seeking a 買粉絲nsensus from those who know rather than average responses from many people with only limited knowledge
德爾菲研究是把眾多判斷集中在一起，而不需要把這些專家真正集中到一起，它屬于一種定性研